Virtua Fighter 5 REVO · v1.10 · Region: Asia
Elo rating
Overall, and on each character played 10+ times1858 #218 of 3,686 on the Elo list →
Brad1846121 matches
Jeffry187480 matches
Jean186169 matches
Eileen188255 matches
Lei Fei186441 matches
Lau186438 matches
Taka185517 matches
The overall rating moves on every match, whatever was picked; a character's rating adds this player's own adjustment on it. Both run from every recorded match since v1.10; how they are worked out is on the Elo list.
Characters played — VF5's own record
| Eileen | 38 | 311 | 259 | 52 | 83.3% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brad | 36 | 310 | 209 | 101 | 67.4% |
| Jean | 35 | 221 | 155 | 66 | 70.1% |
| Jeffry | 35 | 162 | 123 | 39 | 75.9% |
| Taka | 34 | 130 | 101 | 29 | 77.7% |
| Lei Fei | 32 | 111 | 89 | 22 | 80.2% |
| Lau | 30 | 56 | 44 | 12 | 78.6% |
| Dural | 26 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 83.3% |
These are the totals VF5 keeps for each character, read from the newest replay stored for it. They cover the player's whole ranked career and take no period.
Inputs per second
237 of 1,691 rounds counted7.5 inputs a second (449 a minute) this season. Faster than 59% of the 4,069 regulars with enough rounds counted to compare.
By character played
| Brad | 7.9 | 475 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jeffry | 6.9 | 413 | 12 |
| Eileen | 7.4 | 446 | 84 |
| Lei Fei | 7.5 | 450 | 79 |
| Lau | 7.8 | 468 | 37 |
| Dural | 7.3 | 437 | 21 |
By opponent's character
| Jacky | 7.7 | 464 | 20 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lau | 7.4 | 443 | 39 |
| Akira | 7.6 | 458 | 27 |
| Jeffry | 7.6 | 458 | 8 |
| Aoi | 7.2 | 434 | 10 |
| Wolf | 7.6 | 458 | 22 |
| Sarah | 7.8 | 469 | 7 |
| Jean | 7.3 | 438 | 22 |
| Lion | 7.6 | 457 | 28 |
| Lei Fei | 7.3 | 439 | 7 |
| Pai | 7.4 | 445 | 3 |
| Shun | 7.0 | 420 | 5 |
| Goh | 7.4 | 447 | 9 |
| Vanessa | 6.9 | 416 | 4 |
| El Blaze | 7.5 | 448 | 11 |
| Eileen | 7.3 | 440 | 5 |
| Brad | 7.0 | 423 | 5 |
| Dural | 7.3 | 438 | 5 |
An input is any change on the controller (a new stick direction, a button pressed or released) from the bell to the moment a round is decided, over the live time of the round. Only rounds whose inputs have been decoded are counted. Who you face changes the pace too: see the inputs-per-second article under News.
Against each character
| Jacky | 50 | 32 | 18 | 64.0% | -11.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lau | 43 | 31 | 12 | 72.1% | -0.1 |
| Akira | 42 | 26 | 16 | 61.9% | -15.8 |
| Jeffry | 34 | 21 | 13 | 61.8% | -17.7 |
| Aoi | 30 | 23 | 7 | 76.7% | +1.3 |
| Wolf | 28 | 25 | 3 | 89.3% | +18.3 |
| Sarah | 25 | 22 | 3 | 88.0% | +15.2 |
| Jean | 23 | 18 | 5 | 78.3% | +4.2 |
| Lion | 22 | 18 | 4 | 81.8% | +5.5 |
| Lei Fei | 19 | 17 | 2 | 89.5% | +18.1 |
| Pai | 17 | 12 | 5 | 70.6% | -3.2 |
| Shun | 17 | 14 | 3 | 82.3% | +9.0 |
| Goh | 15 | 12 | 3 | 80.0% | +0.1 |
| Vanessa | 14 | 11 | 3 | 78.6% | +6.3 |
| Kage | 13 | 10 | 3 | 76.9% | +1.2 |
| El Blaze | 12 | 9 | 3 | 75.0% | +0.3 |
| Eileen | 8 | 6 | 2 | 75.0% | -2.5 |
| Brad | 5 | 3 | 2 | 60.0% | -11.0 |
| Taka | 5 | 4 | 1 | 80.0% | +0.8 |
| Dural | 4 | 4 | 0 | 100.0% | +31.6 |
0 of 5 rows differ from what this player's level and their opponents' ranks predict, once the test allows for asking 5 questions at once; about 0.2 would by chance alone.
A matchup row is the particular people played on that character, not the character in general: one strong regular moves it as much as the matchup does.
By ring shape
| Low Fence | 53 | 33 | 20 | 62.3% | -14.7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full Fence | 52 | 38 | 14 | 73.1% | -1.4 |
| Open | 49 | 40 | 9 | 81.6% | +7.2 |
| Single Wall | 45 | 34 | 11 | 75.6% | -1.5 |
| Rectangle | 42 | 31 | 11 | 73.8% | -0.8 |
| Breakable Half Fence | 41 | 29 | 12 | 70.7% | -5.4 |
| Octagon | 36 | 27 | 9 | 75.0% | +2.9 |
| Half Fence | 35 | 27 | 8 | 77.1% | +4.1 |
| Breakable Full Fence | 31 | 23 | 8 | 74.2% | +2.9 |
| Full Fence and Open | 22 | 22 | 0 | 100.0% | +27.5 |
0 of 9 rows differ from what this player's level and their opponents' ranks predict, once the test allows for asking 9 questions at once; about 0.5 would by chance alone.
With or without walls
| Stages | Matches | Win % | Expected | vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walls | 237 | 73.8% | 73.8% | +0.1 |
| No walls | 147 | 72.8% | 75.7% | -2.9 |
Walls against open: +3.0 points (95% range -6.7 to +12.6), p 0.545 — no measurable difference.
The fence-and-open stages and Training Room are on neither side, as on the stage report.
How these are tested
- Each match gets an expected result from the two players' ranks, read off the ladder's rank-against-rank win rates, and shifted by one number per player so the expected wins add up to the actual ones. A row's gap is how far above that expectation it sits, against the same measure over the player's other matches.
- Matches against the same opponent are not independent, so each test is widened by how unevenly this player's results fall across the people they played. Rows under 30 decided matches or 10 different opponents on either side carry no test, and each table is corrected for the number of rows tested in it.
- Not adjusted for: how strong an opponent is for their rank. Rank carries most of it; the rest needs a rating model.
Most played opponents
| KumadaP (Rank 35) | 11 | 9 | 2 | 81.8% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MikuMartineau (Rank 31) | 6 | 5 | 1 | 83.3% |
| RYO (Rank 34) | 6 | 4 | 2 | 66.7% |
| lapislazuli (Rank 37) | 6 | 5 | 1 | 83.3% |
| ohtenki (Rank 30) | 6 | 4 | 2 | 66.7% |
| うるヲ参拾 (Rank 37) | 6 | 5 | 1 | 83.3% |
| えびもち (Rank 32) | 6 | 6 | 0 | 100.0% |
| まきお (Rank 35) | 6 | 5 | 1 | 83.3% |
| テクノモデル (Rank 34) | 6 | 2 | 4 | 33.3% |
| 究極無敵 (Rank 30) | 6 | 5 | 1 | 83.3% |
| 都筑まもる君 (Rank 34) | 6 | 4 | 2 | 66.7% |
| Ka2 (Rank 26) | 5 | 3 | 2 | 60.0% |
| TECHNIgotty (Rank 28) | 5 | 5 | 0 | 100.0% |
| culis (Rank 29) | 5 | 3 | 2 | 60.0% |
| stepan_BVFA (Rank 37) | 5 | 2 | 3 | 40.0% |
| いとー (Rank 29) | 5 | 4 | 1 | 80.0% |
| てーらい (Rank 32) | 5 | 4 | 1 | 80.0% |
| 初代マサオ (Rank 39) | 5 | 3 | 2 | 60.0% |
| B軍団 (Rank 33) | 4 | 3 | 1 | 75.0% |
| TAPIOKA (Rank 28) | 4 | 3 | 1 | 75.0% |
| あつあげ (Rank 30) | 4 | 2 | 2 | 50.0% |
| お~ちゃん (Rank 33) | 4 | 4 | 0 | 100.0% |
| けいすけ新宿 (Rank 31) | 4 | 3 | 1 | 75.0% |
| ねこまじん (Rank 33) | 4 | 4 | 0 | 100.0% |
| ダンシングまるこ (Rank 39) | 4 | 2 | 2 | 50.0% |
Most played opponents, most recent first
| あつあげ (Rank 30) | 2026/06/16 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 50.0% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| てーらい (Rank 32) | 2026/05/20 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 80.0% |
| 初代マサオ (Rank 39) | 2026/05/20 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 60.0% |
| lapislazuli (Rank 37) | 2026/05/20 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 83.3% |
| KumadaP (Rank 35) | 2026/05/20 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 81.8% |
| Ka2 (Rank 26) | 2026/05/16 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 60.0% |
| MikuMartineau (Rank 31) | 2026/05/13 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 83.3% |
| TAPIOKA (Rank 28) | 2026/05/11 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 75.0% |
| ohtenki (Rank 30) | 2026/05/07 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 66.7% |
| 究極無敵 (Rank 30) | 2026/05/07 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 83.3% |
| うるヲ参拾 (Rank 37) | 2026/05/07 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 83.3% |
| 都筑まもる君 (Rank 34) | 2026/05/07 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 66.7% |
| stepan_BVFA (Rank 37) | 2026/05/05 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 40.0% |
| お~ちゃん (Rank 33) | 2026/04/25 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 100.0% |
| ダンシングまるこ (Rank 39) | 2026/04/25 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 50.0% |
| テクノモデル (Rank 34) | 2026/04/25 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 33.3% |
| ねこまじん (Rank 33) | 2026/04/20 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 100.0% |
| culis (Rank 29) | 2026/04/20 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 60.0% |
| まきお (Rank 35) | 2026/04/20 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 83.3% |
| けいすけ新宿 (Rank 31) | 2026/04/18 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 75.0% |
| いとー (Rank 29) | 2026/04/18 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 80.0% |
| RYO (Rank 34) | 2026/04/13 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 66.7% |
| B軍団 (Rank 33) | 2026/04/12 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 75.0% |
| えびもち (Rank 32) | 2026/04/12 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 100.0% |
| TECHNIgotty (Rank 28) | 2026/04/06 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 100.0% |
Round openings
Every character
| backdash into evade up | 99 | 5.8% |
|---|---|---|
| Elbow Butt6P | 77 | 4.5% |
| backdash into Stop Kick4K | 71 | 4.2% |
| backdash into evade down | 67 | 4.0% |
| Douchu6P | 63 | 3.7% |
| Yoko'enpi6P | 55 | 3.2% |
| Sit Jab2P | 47 | 2.8% |
| Elbow Hook6P | 45 | 2.6% |
| forward movement into punchP | 45 | 2.6% |
| backdash into Sway Back4P+K+G | 30 | 1.8% |
| backdash into punchP | 29 | 1.7% |
| Low Knuckle | 27 | 1.6% |
| backdash into Turn Savate44K | 26 | 1.5% |
| Jolt Upper3P into Jolt Upper~Spin Kick3PK | 25 | 1.5% |
| punchP | 24 | 1.4% |
368 further openings account for the other 966 rounds.
Brad
- Career
- 209–101 · 67.4%
- This season
- 121 matches · 65.3%
- Peak rank
- 36
First hit in 52.5% of 480 rounds. Won 59.1% of the rounds they struck first, 57.5% of the rounds they were struck first.
Significant Tells
No reliable tells for this character.
| backdash into Stop Kick4K | 71 | 14.7% |
|---|---|---|
| Sit Jab2P | 47 | 9.7% |
| Elbow Hook6P | 45 | 9.3% |
| backdash into Sway Back4P+K+G | 30 | 6.2% |
| backdash into Turn Savate44K | 26 | 5.4% |
| Jolt Upper3P into Jolt Upper~Spin Kick3PK | 25 | 5.2% |
| backdash into evade up | 21 | 4.3% |
| Elbow Hook6P into kickK | 18 | 3.7% |
| Sit Jab2P into backdash | 17 | 3.5% |
| Middle Spin Kick66K | 11 | 2.3% |
| Ducking6P+K+G into Crush Knee KickK+G | 10 | 2.1% |
| forward dash into Stop Kick4K | 10 | 2.1% |
| forward movement into Jab StraightPP | 9 | 1.9% |
| backdash into evade down | 8 | 1.7% |
| forward dash into evade up | 8 | 1.7% |
68 further openings account for the other 127 rounds.
By stage type
Record against each character on walled and open stages, as Brad
| Opponent | Walls | No walls | Walls vs open, rank-adjusted, pts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jacky | 5–6 · 45% | 4–5 · 44% | too few to test |
| Akira | 4–6 · 40% | 2–5 · 29% | too few to test |
Walls: every fence, rectangle and octagon stage. No walls: open, low fence and single-wall stages. Snow Mountain and Training Room are left out.
Jeffry
- Career
- 123–39 · 75.9%
- This season
- 80 matches · 77.5%
- Peak rank
- 35
First hit in 61.7% of 313 rounds. Won 68.4% of the rounds they struck first, 60.8% of the rounds they were struck first.
Significant Tells
No reliable tells for this character.
| Elbow Butt6P | 77 | 24.4% |
|---|---|---|
| Low Knuckle2P | 26 | 8.2% |
| backdash into evade up | 21 | 6.7% |
| Low Knuckle2P into backdash | 13 | 4.1% |
| backdash into evade down | 13 | 4.1% |
| punchP into Double KnucklePP | 9 | 2.9% |
| backdash into Elbow Butt6P | 8 | 2.5% |
| backdash into Dash Elbow66P | 6 | 1.9% |
| backdash into Tsunami Beat3K+G | 5 | 1.6% |
| backdash into crouch dash forward | 5 | 1.6% |
| backdash into punchP | 5 | 1.6% |
| Ducking Low2K+G | 4 | 1.3% |
| backdash into Hammer Slide1P | 4 | 1.3% |
| backdash into Overblow Shoulder66P+K | 4 | 1.3% |
| backdash into Stunner KnuckleKP | 4 | 1.3% |
77 further openings account for the other 112 rounds.
Jean
- Career
- 155–66 · 70.1%
- This season
- 69 matches · 76.8%
- Peak rank
- 35
First hit in 72.8% of 265 rounds. Won 64.2% of the rounds they struck first, 61.1% of the rounds they were struck first.
Significant Tells
Too few rounds to test opener patterns.
| Yoko'enpi6P | 55 | 20.3% |
|---|---|---|
| Shitamaeken2P | 21 | 7.8% |
| Tate'enpi33P | 16 | 5.9% |
| backdash into evade up | 15 | 5.5% |
| backdash into evade down | 14 | 5.2% |
| forward movement into punchP | 14 | 5.2% |
| Shitamaeken2P into backdash | 12 | 4.4% |
| backdash into Gyaku Seikenzuki66P | 12 | 4.4% |
| Gyaku Seikenzuki66P | 11 | 4.1% |
| Tate'enpi33P into Tate'enpi~Tenkai Hizageri33PK | 9 | 3.3% |
| forward dash into Yoko'enpi6P | 5 | 1.9% |
| backdash into Doumawashi Kaitengeri46K+G | 4 | 1.5% |
| backdash into Tate'enpi~Tenkai Hizageri33PK | 4 | 1.5% |
| backdash into Yoko'enpi6P | 4 | 1.5% |
| backdash into punchP | 4 | 1.5% |
50 further openings account for the other 71 rounds.
Eileen
- Career
- 259–52 · 83.3%
- This season
- 55 matches · 74.5%
- Peak rank
- 38
First hit in 50.0% of 208 rounds. Won 76.9% of the rounds they struck first, 54.8% of the rounds they were struck first.
Significant Tells
Too few rounds to test opener patterns.
| Douchu6P | 63 | 29.7% |
|---|---|---|
| backdash into evade up | 15 | 7.1% |
| backdash into evade down | 12 | 5.7% |
| backdash into Enkou Nyurin66P | 9 | 4.2% |
| backdash into Sokutantai3K | 9 | 4.2% |
| Hikou Senshi66K | 6 | 2.8% |
| Kousokuhon7K+G | 6 | 2.8% |
| backdash into punchP | 6 | 2.8% |
| forward movement into punchP | 6 | 2.8% |
| Hikou Niki6K | 5 | 2.4% |
| Touku Geimentai4K+G | 4 | 1.9% |
| backdash into Enkou Kenka46P | 4 | 1.9% |
| punchP | 4 | 1.9% |
| Honshin Senputai6K+G into evade down | 3 | 1.4% |
| backdash into offensive move | 3 | 1.4% |
49 further openings account for the other 57 rounds.
Lei Fei
- Career
- 89–22 · 80.2%
- This season
- 41 matches · 80.5%
- Peak rank
- 32
First hit in 60.0% of 165 rounds. Won 68.7% of the rounds they struck first, 60.6% of the rounds they were struck first.
Significant Tells
Too few rounds to test opener patterns.
| Toushou66P | 19 | 11.4% |
|---|---|---|
| Fukusoushou2P | 14 | 8.4% |
| backdash into evade up | 10 | 6.0% |
| backdash into evade down | 9 | 5.4% |
| backdash into offensive move | 9 | 5.4% |
| Fukusoushou2P into backdash | 8 | 4.8% |
| forward movement into punchP | 7 | 4.2% |
| backdash into Hai Shiki2P+K+G | 6 | 3.6% |
| crouch into Bunkyaku3K | 5 | 3.0% |
| Kakushu Suigeki6P into punch+kick+guardP+K+G | 3 | 1.8% |
| backdash into punchP | 3 | 1.8% |
| forward dash into evade up | 3 | 1.8% |
| forward movement into Sayu ShoukenPP | 3 | 1.8% |
| kickK | 3 | 1.8% |
| punchP | 3 | 1.8% |
46 further openings account for the other 61 rounds.
Lau
- Career
- 44–12 · 78.6%
- This season
- 38 matches · 86.8%
- Peak rank
- 30
First hit in 51.9% of 156 rounds. Won 72.8% of the rounds they struck first, 61.3% of the rounds they were struck first.
Significant Tells
Too few rounds to test opener patterns.
| Chugeki6P | 16 | 10.1% |
|---|---|---|
| backdash into evade up | 13 | 8.2% |
| Souchuken2P | 10 | 6.3% |
| backdash into Sako Soushou4P+K | 8 | 5.1% |
| backdash into punchP | 8 | 5.1% |
| backdash into evade down | 7 | 4.4% |
| forward movement into punchP | 7 | 4.4% |
| backdash into Kosoushou46P | 6 | 3.8% |
| backdash into Senchutai3K | 6 | 3.8% |
| Chugeki6P into Hou'ou Soushou6PP | 5 | 3.2% |
| Chugeki6P into punchP | 5 | 3.2% |
| Fukko Kensou1P | 4 | 2.5% |
| Souchuken2P into backdash | 4 | 2.5% |
| backdash into Junho Chushou33P | 4 | 2.5% |
| backdash into Kensou4P | 4 | 2.5% |
37 further openings account for the other 51 rounds.
Taka
- Career
- 101–29 · 77.7%
- This season
- 17 matches · 76.5%
- Peak rank
- 34
Significant Tells
Too few rounds to test opener patterns.
| Hiji'ate6P | 12 | 17.4% |
|---|---|---|
| Shita Harite2P | 11 | 15.9% |
| Morotezuki66P into punchP | 5 | 7.2% |
| backdash into Kachi'age33P+K | 4 | 5.8% |
| backdash into kickK | 4 | 5.8% |
| backdash into evade down | 3 | 4.3% |
| backdash into evade up | 3 | 4.3% |
| Shita Harite2P into backdash | 2 | 2.9% |
| Shita Harite2P into forward dash | 2 | 2.9% |
| crouch dash forward into guardG | 2 | 2.9% |
| forward dash into evade up | 2 | 2.9% |
| punchP | 2 | 2.9% |
| Hiji'ate6P into backdash | 1 | 1.4% |
| Morotezuki66P into Morote Tsuppari66PP | 1 | 1.4% |
| Shita Harite2P into Morotezuki66P | 1 | 1.4% |
14 further openings account for the other 14 rounds.
Dural
- Career
- 5–1 · 83.3%
- This season
- 5 matches · 80.0%
- Peak rank
- 26
Significant Tells
Too few rounds to test opener patterns.
| Low Knuckle2P into backdash | 2 | 9.5% |
|---|---|---|
| Rising Elbow6P | 2 | 9.5% |
| Rising Elbow6P into kickK | 2 | 9.5% |
| forward dash into Dragon Smash Cannon1K | 2 | 9.5% |
| Cut Upper3P | 1 | 4.8% |
| Low Knuckle2P | 1 | 4.8% |
| backdash into Dash Hammer Kick66K | 1 | 4.8% |
| backdash into back kick+guard4K+G | 1 | 4.8% |
| backdash into back, down, back, back kick+guard4244K+G | 1 | 4.8% |
| backdash into evade down | 1 | 4.8% |
| backdash into evade up | 1 | 4.8% |
| down-forward punch+kick3P+K | 1 | 4.8% |
| forward dash into Dash Hammer Kick66K | 1 | 4.8% |
| forward movement into punchP | 1 | 4.8% |
| punchP into backdash | 1 | 4.8% |
2 further openings account for the other 2 rounds.
How these are tested
A tell is a habit in how this player starts a round: something they do clearly more often in one situation than in the others — backing off more in round 2, say, or opening with one move more against one character. Each situation is compared with how they actually opened their rounds, and a tell is listed only if it is too strong to be a fluke even after allowing for how many situations were checked on this page. Anything weaker is left out, so a character with no tells listed may still have habits, just none the data can show for certain.
- An opener is filed by what the player did first: attack (a named move or any button), move in (forward dash, forward movement or crouch dash forward), wait (guard, crouch or no input), back off (backdash, crouch dash back or backward movement) or evade. Each is also tested as the exact opener: the character's five most used, and the rest together.
- Up to ten things known before a round starts are tested against the opener: which round it is, the opponent's character, the ring shape, how the player opened the round before and how the opponent did, whether they won or lost the round before, who landed the first hit of the round before, whether they go into it ahead, level or behind, and -- where a Shun is playing -- the drink points he starts it on: the player's own if they are Shun, the opponent's if they face one. Each is a chi-square test, divided by how much more alike the rounds of one match are than separate rounds would be, and never made more generous by it. Checked by shuffling the data so that nothing is there: the tests then find something no more often than chance allows.
- Round results and drink points come from each match's round record, matched to its openers by the two players and the date. A match whose record is missing, lacks rounds the openers have, or does not add up to the match's result sits out of those four tests only. These four are compared only between rounds of the same number -- the score and the drinks follow from which round it is (every match starts level and on no drinks), so a pattern that is only “the first round is different” is not counted as one of theirs. Drawn rounds count toward neither side of the score, and the round after one has no previous result. Drink points are grouped as on the Shun report (none, 1–4, 5–9 and so on), with neighbouring groups joined where they are thin.
- A character is tested with at least 300 rounds from 30 matches. Rare cases are pooled before testing, and a pattern is only named where it holds up after correcting for every test on this page (30 here; about 1.5 would come up by chance alone before the correction).
- Walls against open is tested per opponent with 30+ matches and 10+ different players on each side, allowing for both players' ranks, and corrected across every player page at once: 0 of 2,552 hold up. With stages shuffled at random: 0 of 2,651–2,673.
Tests behind each character's list
- Brad: 0 of 15 tests hold up
- Jeffry: 0 of 15 tests hold up
- Jean: not tested (too few rounds)
- Eileen: not tested (too few rounds)
- Lei Fei: not tested (too few rounds)
- Lau: not tested (too few rounds)
- Taka: not tested (too few rounds)
- Dural: not tested (too few rounds)
