Virtua Fighter 5 REVO · v1.10 · Region: Asia
Elo rating
Overall, and on each character played 10+ times1754 #548 of 3,686 on the Elo list →
The overall rating moves on every match, whatever was picked; a character's rating adds this player's own adjustment on it. Both run from every recorded match since v1.10; how they are worked out is on the Elo list.
Characters played — VF5's own record
| Kage | 38 | 5,691 | 2,814 | 2,877 | 49.5% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jacky | 36 | 4,604 | 2,318 | 2,286 | 50.4% |
| Goh | 30 | 196 | 118 | 78 | 60.2% |
| Lau | 26 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 88.9% |
These are the totals VF5 keeps for each character, read from the newest replay stored for it. They cover the player's whole ranked career and take no period.
Inputs per second
7,389 of 9,294 rounds counted7.6 inputs a second (454 a minute) this season. Faster than 61% of the 4,069 regulars with enough rounds counted to compare.
By character played
| Kage | 7.5 | 448 | 4,344 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jacky | 7.7 | 461 | 2,999 |
| Goh | 7.0 | 421 | 22 |
| Lau | 8.5 | 509 | 24 |
By opponent's character
| Jacky | 7.7 | 463 | 679 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Akira | 7.8 | 466 | 590 |
| Jean | 7.8 | 466 | 581 |
| Kage | 7.4 | 445 | 559 |
| Lion | 7.4 | 444 | 480 |
| Lau | 7.7 | 464 | 411 |
| Sarah | 7.5 | 451 | 499 |
| Brad | 7.4 | 444 | 431 |
| Pai | 7.7 | 464 | 419 |
| Wolf | 7.7 | 462 | 451 |
| Goh | 7.4 | 445 | 391 |
| Jeffry | 7.8 | 469 | 257 |
| Lei Fei | 7.4 | 444 | 356 |
| Aoi | 7.4 | 446 | 271 |
| El Blaze | 7.4 | 446 | 224 |
| Vanessa | 7.3 | 439 | 255 |
| Shun | 7.2 | 432 | 245 |
| Taka | 7.3 | 439 | 112 |
| Eileen | 7.4 | 443 | 121 |
| Dural | 7.6 | 455 | 57 |
An input is any change on the controller (a new stick direction, a button pressed or released) from the bell to the moment a round is decided, over the live time of the round. Only rounds whose inputs have been decoded are counted. Who you face changes the pace too: see the inputs-per-second article under News.
Against each character
| Jacky | 213 | 107 | 106 | 50.2% | +0.8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akira | 170 | 95 | 75 | 55.9% | +5.2 |
| Jean | 169 | 98 | 71 | 58.0% | +8.6 |
| Kage | 156 | 78 | 78 | 50.0% | +3.7 |
| Lion | 146 | 74 | 72 | 50.7% | +2.6 |
| Lau | 142 | 66 | 76 | 46.5% | -2.2 |
| Sarah | 138 | 70 | 68 | 50.7% | -0.4 |
| Brad | 130 | 68 | 62 | 52.3% | +0.4 |
| Pai | 128 | 66 | 62 | 51.6% | +1.1 |
| Wolf | 126 | 63 | 63 | 50.0% | -2.2 |
| Goh | 125 | 61 | 64 | 48.8% | -2.1 |
| Jeffry | 118 | 46 | 72 | 39.0% | -11.7 |
| Lei Fei | 115 | 52 | 63 | 45.2% | -1.1 |
| Aoi | 95 | 49 | 46 | 51.6% | +1.0 |
| El Blaze | 82 | 39 | 43 | 47.6% | -2.1 |
| Vanessa | 82 | 38 | 44 | 46.3% | +1.6 |
| Shun | 77 | 27 | 50 | 35.1% | -13.0 |
| Taka | 44 | 21 | 23 | 47.7% | +1.7 |
| Eileen | 31 | 12 | 19 | 38.7% | -10.5 |
| Dural | 20 | 9 | 11 | 45.0% | +1.3 |
0 of 19 rows differ from what this player's level and their opponents' ranks predict, once the test allows for asking 19 questions at once; about 1.0 would by chance alone.
A matchup row is the particular people played on that character, not the character in general: one strong regular moves it as much as the matchup does.
By ring shape
| Rectangle | 250 | 117 | 133 | 46.8% | -3.4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Octagon | 244 | 121 | 123 | 49.6% | -0.0 |
| Breakable Half Fence | 238 | 124 | 114 | 52.1% | +3.8 |
| Low Fence | 237 | 113 | 124 | 47.7% | -1.2 |
| Full Fence | 230 | 119 | 111 | 51.7% | +2.2 |
| Breakable Full Fence | 226 | 117 | 109 | 51.8% | +2.0 |
| Single Wall | 223 | 110 | 113 | 49.3% | -1.1 |
| Half Fence | 219 | 113 | 106 | 51.6% | +3.1 |
| Open | 200 | 97 | 103 | 48.5% | -0.4 |
| Full Fence and Open | 134 | 60 | 74 | 44.8% | -3.9 |
0 of 10 rows differ from what this player's level and their opponents' ranks predict, once the test allows for asking 10 questions at once; about 0.5 would by chance alone.
With or without walls
| Stages | Matches | Win % | Expected | vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walls | 1,407 | 50.5% | 49.4% | +1.1 |
| No walls | 660 | 48.5% | 49.3% | -0.9 |
Walls against open: +1.9 points (95% range -2.7 to +6.6), p 0.410 — no measurable difference.
The fence-and-open stages and Training Room are on neither side, as on the stage report.
How these are tested
- Each match gets an expected result from the two players' ranks, read off the ladder's rank-against-rank win rates, and shifted by one number per player so the expected wins add up to the actual ones. A row's gap is how far above that expectation it sits, against the same measure over the player's other matches.
- Matches against the same opponent are not independent, so each test is widened by how unevenly this player's results fall across the people they played. Rows under 30 decided matches or 10 different opponents on either side carry no test, and each table is corrected for the number of rows tested in it.
- Not adjusted for: how strong an opponent is for their rank. Rank carries most of it; the rest needs a rating model.
Most played opponents
| お~ちゃん (Rank 32) | 25 | 15 | 10 | 60.0% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ツッチー (Rank 38) | 24 | 15 | 9 | 62.5% |
| lapislazuli (Rank 37) | 22 | 9 | 13 | 40.9% |
| 寿司眼鉄 (Rank 37) | 22 | 8 | 14 | 36.4% |
| ゼータ(MSZ-006) (Rank 36) | 21 | 8 | 13 | 38.1% |
| ボブソン (Rank 35) | 20 | 13 | 7 | 65.0% |
| abcdkazu1986 (Rank 35) | 19 | 15 | 4 | 79.0% |
| ★闘将拉麵男★ (Rank 37) | 18 | 6 | 12 | 33.3% |
| 五寸釘くん (Rank 34) | 18 | 13 | 5 | 72.2% |
| ∈挙動不審∋ (Rank 35) | 16 | 9 | 7 | 56.2% |
| どっせ (Rank 41) | 16 | 7 | 9 | 43.8% |
| ゲッパー (Rank 37) | 16 | 5 | 11 | 31.2% |
| AOEアオイ (Rank 33) | 15 | 8 | 7 | 53.3% |
| DJG10159 (Rank 36) | 15 | 9 | 6 | 60.0% |
| JAYABOX (Rank 36) | 14 | 6 | 8 | 42.9% |
| stepan_BVFA (Rank 38) | 14 | 6 | 8 | 42.9% |
| くりたろう (Rank 39) | 14 | 4 | 10 | 28.6% |
| 漂泊の民回線ジプシー (Rank 38) | 14 | 7 | 7 | 50.0% |
| hsat0310 (Rank 35) | 13 | 6 | 7 | 46.1% |
| raduakira (Rank 38) | 13 | 8 | 5 | 61.5% |
| たあぼさん (Rank 37) | 13 | 5 | 8 | 38.5% |
| ぷこ (Rank 36) | 13 | 10 | 3 | 76.9% |
| 小名浜DC (Rank 36) | 13 | 9 | 4 | 69.2% |
| 究極無敵 (Rank 38) | 13 | 5 | 8 | 38.5% |
| 貧乏リオン/binboulion (Rank 37) | 13 | 9 | 4 | 69.2% |
Most played opponents, most recent first
| hsat0310 (Rank 35) | 2026/09/25 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 46.1% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ぷこ (Rank 36) | 2026/09/24 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 76.9% |
| 寿司眼鉄 (Rank 37) | 2026/09/24 | 22 | 8 | 14 | 36.4% |
| ゼータ(MSZ-006) (Rank 36) | 2026/09/24 | 21 | 8 | 13 | 38.1% |
| 漂泊の民回線ジプシー (Rank 38) | 2026/09/23 | 14 | 7 | 7 | 50.0% |
| お~ちゃん (Rank 32) | 2026/09/23 | 25 | 15 | 10 | 60.0% |
| ★闘将拉麵男★ (Rank 37) | 2026/09/22 | 18 | 6 | 12 | 33.3% |
| DJG10159 (Rank 36) | 2026/09/22 | 15 | 9 | 6 | 60.0% |
| ∈挙動不審∋ (Rank 35) | 2026/09/17 | 16 | 9 | 7 | 56.2% |
| abcdkazu1986 (Rank 35) | 2026/09/17 | 19 | 15 | 4 | 79.0% |
| AOEアオイ (Rank 33) | 2026/09/17 | 15 | 8 | 7 | 53.3% |
| 小名浜DC (Rank 36) | 2026/09/16 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 69.2% |
| JAYABOX (Rank 36) | 2026/09/16 | 14 | 6 | 8 | 42.9% |
| ツッチー (Rank 38) | 2026/09/15 | 24 | 15 | 9 | 62.5% |
| stepan_BVFA (Rank 38) | 2026/09/15 | 14 | 6 | 8 | 42.9% |
| 究極無敵 (Rank 38) | 2026/09/14 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 38.5% |
| ボブソン (Rank 35) | 2026/09/13 | 20 | 13 | 7 | 65.0% |
| たあぼさん (Rank 37) | 2026/09/13 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 38.5% |
| 貧乏リオン/binboulion (Rank 37) | 2026/09/07 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 69.2% |
| くりたろう (Rank 39) | 2026/09/07 | 14 | 4 | 10 | 28.6% |
| どっせ (Rank 41) | 2026/09/05 | 16 | 7 | 9 | 43.8% |
| raduakira (Rank 38) | 2026/08/28 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 61.5% |
| ゲッパー (Rank 37) | 2026/08/27 | 16 | 5 | 11 | 31.2% |
| 五寸釘くん (Rank 34) | 2026/08/27 | 18 | 13 | 5 | 72.2% |
| lapislazuli (Rank 37) | 2026/07/22 | 22 | 9 | 13 | 40.9% |
Round openings
Every character
| evade down into crouch dash forward | 535 | 5.7% |
|---|---|---|
| backdash into evade up | 486 | 5.2% |
| Dash Hammer Kick66K into High Angle Upper Kick6K | 416 | 4.5% |
| backdash into evade down | 374 | 4.0% |
| Ryubisen44K+G | 251 | 2.7% |
| Hiji'uchi6P | 232 | 2.5% |
| Senpugeri7K | 221 | 2.4% |
| forward movement into punchP | 213 | 2.3% |
| evade up into crouch dash forward | 160 | 1.7% |
| evade down into forward dash | 153 | 1.6% |
| evade down into backdash | 150 | 1.6% |
| evade down into throw escape | 129 | 1.4% |
| crouch into Hiji'uchi6P | 125 | 1.3% |
| Low Spin Kick1K+G | 113 | 1.2% |
| crouch into Jizuridan2P | 102 | 1.1% |
628 further openings account for the other 5,662 rounds.
Kage
- Career
- 2,814–2,877 · 49.5%
- This season
- 1,315 matches · 49.1%
- Peak rank
- 38
First hit in 50.8% of 5,178 rounds. Won 52.8% of the rounds they struck first, 47.2% of the rounds they were struck first.
Significant Tells
- In round 4 or later: attacks straight away in 39.4% of rounds, against 28.1% in their other rounds.
- Against Wolf: backs off first in 40.8% of rounds, against 21.2% against everyone else.
- After opening the round before by attacking: attacks straight away in 34.4% of rounds, against 27.4% after anything else.
- After losing a round: evades first in 35.4% of rounds, against 15.0% after winning one.
- When behind: evades first in 41.0% of rounds, against 17.1% when ahead or level.
- In round 4 or later: opens with “44K+G Ryubisen” in 8.5% of rounds, against 3.5% in their other rounds.
- Against Kage: opens with “6P Hiji'uchi” in 14.0% of rounds, against 3.7% against everyone else.
- After opening the round before with “44K+G Ryubisen”: opens with “7K Senpugeri” in 10.3% of rounds, against 4.3% after anything else.
- After the opponent opened the round before with “backdash into evade up”: opens with “7K Senpugeri” in 9.9% of rounds, against 4.4% after anything else.
- After losing a round: opens with “evade down into crouch dash forward” in 12.3% of rounds, against 1.7% after winning one.
- When behind: opens with “evade down into crouch dash forward” in 14.5% of rounds, against 3.0% when ahead or level.
| evade down into crouch dash forward | 320 | 6.1% |
|---|---|---|
| backdash into evade up | 265 | 5.0% |
| Ryubisen44K+G | 251 | 4.8% |
| Hiji'uchi6P | 232 | 4.4% |
| Senpugeri7K | 221 | 4.2% |
| backdash into evade down | 178 | 3.4% |
| forward movement into punchP | 143 | 2.7% |
| crouch into Hiji'uchi6P | 125 | 2.4% |
| crouch into Jizuridan2P | 102 | 1.9% |
| Ura Tsumujigeri44K | 100 | 1.9% |
| Rakujin Gaeri44P into Rasen4P | 95 | 1.8% |
| Hagakure-ryu In Raijingeki46P+K | 94 | 1.8% |
| backdash into Furikakato OtoshiK+G | 82 | 1.6% |
| Rasen4P | 81 | 1.5% |
| evade down into forward dash | 81 | 1.5% |
366 further openings account for the other 2,898 rounds.
By stage type
Record against each character on walled and open stages, as Kage
| Opponent | Walls | No walls | Walls vs open, rank-adjusted, pts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jacky | 37–29 · 56% | 18–22 · 45% | +8.8 |
| Akira | 33–23 · 59% | 20–10 · 67% | -8.6 |
| Jean | 29–31 · 48% | 19–12 · 61% | -10.0 |
| Lau | 21–31 · 40% | 9–19 · 32% | too few to test |
| Lion | 37–26 · 59% | 9–10 · 47% | too few to test |
| Kage | 29–21 · 58% | 11–18 · 38% | too few to test |
| Brad | 24–25 · 49% | 17–7 · 71% | too few to test |
| Sarah | 25–20 · 56% | 9–7 · 56% | too few to test |
| Goh | 19–24 · 44% | 6–7 · 46% | too few to test |
| Wolf | 17–21 · 45% | 15–12 · 56% | too few to test |
| Pai | 23–26 · 47% | 7–7 · 50% | too few to test |
| Jeffry | 13–24 · 35% | 12–10 · 55% | too few to test |
| Vanessa | 17–19 · 47% | 8–9 · 47% | too few to test |
| Lei Fei | 17–16 · 52% | 9–13 · 41% | too few to test |
| El Blaze | 19–18 · 51% | 6–3 · 67% | too few to test |
| Aoi | 18–13 · 58% | 6–7 · 46% | too few to test |
| Shun | 6–17 · 26% | 4–8 · 33% | too few to test |
| Eileen | 3–9 · 25% | 1–3 · 25% | too few to test |
| Taka | 5–8 · 38% | 2–3 · 40% | too few to test |
Nothing reliable: no gap here is bigger than stage luck alone produces.
Walls: every fence, rectangle and octagon stage. No walls: open, low fence and single-wall stages. Snow Mountain and Training Room are left out.
Jacky
- Career
- 2,318–2,286 · 50.4%
- This season
- 980 matches · 49.6%
- Peak rank
- 36
First hit in 44.7% of 3,990 rounds. Won 54.6% of the rounds they struck first, 45.1% of the rounds they were struck first.
Significant Tells
- In round 4 or later: attacks straight away in 31.9% of rounds, against 20.8% in their other rounds.
- Against Lei Fei: moves in first in 33.2% of rounds, against 15.3% against everyone else.
- On Rectangle stages: moves in first in 22.0% of rounds, against 15.6% on the other stages.
- After opening the round before by moving in: moves in first in 21.7% of rounds, against 14.2% after anything else.
- After the opponent opened the round before by evading: backs off first in 30.6% of rounds, against 23.3% after anything else.
- After losing a round: evades first in 38.5% of rounds, against 15.4% after winning one.
- When behind: evades first in 41.2% of rounds, against 19.1% when ahead or level.
- In round 4 or later: opens with “66K Dash Hammer Kick into 6K High Angle Upper Kick” in 15.0% of rounds, against 8.7% in their other rounds.
- Against Jacky: opens with “backdash into evade up” in 10.4% of rounds, against 4.9% against everyone else.
- After winning a round: opens with “66K Dash Hammer Kick into 6K High Angle Upper Kick” in 15.9% of rounds, against 4.8% after losing one.
- When behind: opens with “evade down into crouch dash forward” in 11.6% of rounds, against 2.5% when ahead or level.
| Dash Hammer Kick66K into High Angle Upper Kick6K | 416 | 10.4% |
|---|---|---|
| backdash into evade up | 217 | 5.4% |
| evade down into crouch dash forward | 211 | 5.3% |
| backdash into evade down | 192 | 4.8% |
| Low Spin Kick1K+G | 113 | 2.8% |
| evade up into crouch dash forward | 92 | 2.3% |
| Middle Smash6P | 84 | 2.1% |
| evade down into backdash | 78 | 1.9% |
| evade down into forward dash | 72 | 1.8% |
| forward movement into punchP | 70 | 1.8% |
| evade down into throw escape | 65 | 1.6% |
| crouch into Squat Straight2P | 63 | 1.6% |
| forward dash into evade up | 56 | 1.4% |
| evade down into Middle Smash6P | 55 | 1.4% |
| forward dash into Low Spin Kick1K+G | 53 | 1.3% |
321 further openings account for the other 2,171 rounds.
By stage type
Record against each character on walled and open stages, as Jacky
| Opponent | Walls | No walls | Walls vs open, rank-adjusted, pts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jacky | 30–34 · 47% | 8–6 · 57% | too few to test |
| Jean | 26–14 · 65% | 15–9 · 62% | too few to test |
| Kage | 21–19 · 52% | 7–7 · 50% | too few to test |
| Akira | 20–19 · 51% | 12–6 · 67% | too few to test |
| Sarah | 25–24 · 51% | 4–9 · 31% | too few to test |
| Pai | 24–17 · 59% | 4–9 · 31% | too few to test |
| Lei Fei | 15–19 · 44% | 8–12 · 40% | too few to test |
| Lion | 17–18 · 49% | 5–8 · 38% | too few to test |
| Wolf | 17–16 · 52% | 8–7 · 53% | too few to test |
| Goh | 14–10 · 58% | 16–13 · 55% | too few to test |
| Jeffry | 12–21 · 36% | 3–12 · 20% | too few to test |
| Brad | 12–17 · 41% | 6–12 · 33% | too few to test |
| Lau | 20–14 · 59% | 10–5 · 67% | too few to test |
| Aoi | 14–12 · 54% | 8–11 · 42% | too few to test |
| Shun | 9–14 · 39% | 4–7 · 36% | too few to test |
| El Blaze | 11–9 · 55% | 2–4 · 33% | too few to test |
| Taka | 10–7 · 59% | 0–3 · 0% | too few to test |
| Vanessa | 6–1 · 86% | 6–8 · 43% | too few to test |
Walls: every fence, rectangle and octagon stage. No walls: open, low fence and single-wall stages. Snow Mountain and Training Room are left out.
Lau
- Career
- 8–1 · 88.9%
- This season
- 6 matches · 66.7%
- Peak rank
- 26
Significant Tells
Too few rounds to test opener patterns.
| backdash into evade up | 4 | 16.7% |
|---|---|---|
| backdash into evade down | 3 | 12.5% |
| backdash into throw escape | 2 | 8.3% |
| Fukko Kensou1P into Hi'en Tenshinshou44P | 1 | 4.2% |
| Kensou4P into Kosoushou46P | 1 | 4.2% |
| Kosoushou46P into forward dash | 1 | 4.2% |
| Saishikkyaku4K | 1 | 4.2% |
| backdash into Chisoutai2K+G | 1 | 4.2% |
| backdash into Senkyaku Chushou3KP | 1 | 4.2% |
| backdash into Senpuga~KokeiK+G | 1 | 4.2% |
| backdash into throwP+G | 1 | 4.2% |
| crouch dash forward into throw escape | 1 | 4.2% |
| crouch into Souchuken2P | 1 | 4.2% |
| evade down into Shakashou3P | 1 | 4.2% |
| evade down into crouch dash back | 1 | 4.2% |
3 further openings account for the other 3 rounds.
Goh
- Career
- 118–78 · 60.2%
- This season
- 6 matches · 50.0%
- Peak rank
- 30
Significant Tells
Too few rounds to test opener patterns.
| evade down into crouch dash forward | 4 | 18.2% |
|---|---|---|
| Soukyu46P into forward movement | 2 | 9.1% |
| evade down into backdash | 2 | 9.1% |
| Maegeri3K into Batousatsu3KP | 1 | 4.5% |
| Soukyu46P into forward dash | 1 | 4.5% |
| Zukotsuwari9P+K | 1 | 4.5% |
| backdash into Maegeri3K | 1 | 4.5% |
| backdash into evade down | 1 | 4.5% |
| backdash into kickK | 1 | 4.5% |
| backdash into throw escape | 1 | 4.5% |
| crouch dash forward into Jibishou3P+K | 1 | 4.5% |
| crouch into Soukyu46P | 1 | 4.5% |
| crouch into evade down | 1 | 4.5% |
| evade down into Hiji'ate6P | 1 | 4.5% |
| evade down into Sune'uchi2P | 1 | 4.5% |
2 further openings account for the other 2 rounds.
How these are tested
A tell is a habit in how this player starts a round: something they do clearly more often in one situation than in the others — backing off more in round 2, say, or opening with one move more against one character. Each situation is compared with how they actually opened their rounds, and a tell is listed only if it is too strong to be a fluke even after allowing for how many situations were checked on this page. Anything weaker is left out, so a character with no tells listed may still have habits, just none the data can show for certain.
- An opener is filed by what the player did first: attack (a named move or any button), move in (forward dash, forward movement or crouch dash forward), wait (guard, crouch or no input), back off (backdash, crouch dash back or backward movement) or evade. Each is also tested as the exact opener: the character's five most used, and the rest together.
- Up to ten things known before a round starts are tested against the opener: which round it is, the opponent's character, the ring shape, how the player opened the round before and how the opponent did, whether they won or lost the round before, who landed the first hit of the round before, whether they go into it ahead, level or behind, and -- where a Shun is playing -- the drink points he starts it on: the player's own if they are Shun, the opponent's if they face one. Each is a chi-square test, divided by how much more alike the rounds of one match are than separate rounds would be, and never made more generous by it. Checked by shuffling the data so that nothing is there: the tests then find something no more often than chance allows.
- Round results and drink points come from each match's round record, matched to its openers by the two players and the date. A match whose record is missing, lacks rounds the openers have, or does not add up to the match's result sits out of those four tests only. These four are compared only between rounds of the same number -- the score and the drinks follow from which round it is (every match starts level and on no drinks), so a pattern that is only “the first round is different” is not counted as one of theirs. Drawn rounds count toward neither side of the score, and the round after one has no previous result. Drink points are grouped as on the Shun report (none, 1–4, 5–9 and so on), with neighbouring groups joined where they are thin.
- A character is tested with at least 300 rounds from 30 matches. Rare cases are pooled before testing, and a pattern is only named where it holds up after correcting for every test on this page (33 here; about 1.7 would come up by chance alone before the correction).
- Walls against open is tested per opponent with 30+ matches and 10+ different players on each side, allowing for both players' ranks, and corrected across every player page at once: 0 of 2,552 hold up. With stages shuffled at random: 0 of 2,651–2,673.
Tests behind each character's list
- Kage: 11 of 16 tests hold up
- Jacky: 11 of 17 tests hold up
- Lau: not tested (too few rounds)
- Goh: not tested (too few rounds)
